Hittin’ the streets

          Today’s weather report: “88 degrees.  Feels like 112 degrees.”  

          I don’t know that I’ve ever seen that kind of drastic heat index, but our sunburned, sweaty selves can testify to the fact that it is ridiculously hot out there today.  Since we arrived in this city about two weeks ago, A. and I have been combing the city on foot for up to six hours a day, exploring various communities, talking to people, and finding out where we should start looking for a room.  Aside from helping us to pinpoint some very promising locations, all of this wandering has yielded a lot of insights about our new home.  First of all, there is less pollution than where we were previously, which means that getting a sunburn is once again possible.  Another thing is that there are way more cows and other animals here than anywhere else we’ve seen.  Cows and dogs wander the streets, the university campuses, the slums– everywhere, as a matter of fact, except the zoo.  A. and I have both stepped in juicy cow pies when we’ve let our attention drift from scanning the pavement for too long during our walks, but it turns out that the zoo is the one place in this city where you don’t have to worry about stepping in animal droppings of any kind! 
 
          The best discovery has been that people here are incredibly friendly.  Earlier this week, the two of us visited one neighborhood where an old monument built during the reign of Mughal empire centuries ago towers over the densely packed, tiny homes hastily constructed in the last quarter of a century or so.  We followed the narrow, winding alleyways through the settlement, asking directions to the monument along the way.  To our surprise, the last person we asked happened to live inside the monument.  He invited us in to have tea with his family, who has resourcefully converted the old tomb into affordable housing.  They took us up a dark, treacherous stairwell to stand on the top of their building and enjoy the view– we could see miles across the patchwork of slums, apartment buildings, open fields, and other ancient monuments in the distance.  

          Afterward, we sat on plastic chairs drinking tea and watching a baby goat dart in and out from under the bed, bucking its head into people’s legs as they hung over the edge.  We were amused to see a cheap ceiling fan installed overhead, and a chicken running around an ancient sepulcher in the middle of the family’s living room.  ”I think that’s one of you in there,” said one of the daughters, pointing toward the grave. “A British guy.”  I guess when you’re living in the forgotten parts of the empire, impoverished and marginalized in society, one set of powerful, oppressive rulers seems pretty much like another.  The Mughals and the British had both come and gone long before this girl was born, and now all that was left of this once-important man, whoever he had been, was a crumbling monument to his own worldly ambition.  At least this one is serving the unintended purpose of providing shelter for a family who might otherwise be without a home.  

Fair/Unfair

Fairness was something Jesus spent a lot of time discussing (and changing people’s minds about).  The prevailing understanding of poverty and suffering in his day was that they were punishments for sin, while wealth and well-being were interpreted as divine rewards for a person’s righteousness.  Either way, your social position was duly earned and deserved.  Thus, the earnest question put to Jesus by his disciples in John chapter 9: “Who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind (and doomed to destitution)?”  And thus Jesus’ rhetorical questions in Luke chapter 13– “Do you think that the people who were murdered by the Romans in the temple recently, or the people who were killed when the tower of Siloam collapsed on top of them suffered those fates because they were more evil than other people– because they did something to deserve it?”  Jesus goes on to answer all of these questions with a resounding “no.”

I read an intriguing opinion piece* recently about the concept of fairness.  The article centers around two competing means of evaluating the “fairness” of various laws and public policy: the “veil of opulence” and the “veil of ignorance”.  The veil of opulence, the author explains,  asks questions of fairness only from the perspective of “whether it is fair that a very fortunate person should shoulder the burdens of others.”  It seems that so often, we instinctively approach everything from tax laws to business practices to foreign policy from the perspective of the elite, regardless of whether or not we ourselves actually find ourselves within that privileged group!  This perspective ”assumes that the playing field is level, that all gains are fairly gotten, that there is no cosmic adversity. In doing so, it is partial to the fortunate” because it implies that whatever prosperity or failure a person encounters has been fully earned by their individual actions– i.e. the CEO got where he is solely because of his good business sense and hard work, the people in the inner city can’t seem to get ahead solely because they make poor decisions.  

Reality, as Jesus knew, is not so straightforward.  As I’ve been learning first-hand over the last several years, poverty (or prosperity) is usually a complex web of structural forces, uncontrollable factors and personal choices– unjust laws, illness, physical or mental disability, social stigma, and poor individual choices can all contribute to some people’s poverty; wealthy parents, elite social connections, good health, and– yes, unjust laws– can likewise contribute to others’ prosperity.  

Taking all of that into account, an alternative way to consider laws and policies is from behind the so-called “veil of ignorance”, which forces an individual to approach the issue at hand hypothetically assuming that they are completely ignorant about their own place in society– their own health, income, opportunities, talents, etc.  The necessary starting point from that direction is to ask, “What system would I want if I had no idea who I was going to be, or what talents and resources I was going to have?”  In other words, “If you were to start this world anew, unaware of who you would turn out to be, what sort of die would you be willing to cast?”  The author concludes that the “veil of ignorance” is necessary in order to escape the natural human tendency to think primarily about “what is fair for me” (whoever I am).   

Rather than attempting to craft fair policies for either people who are wealthy or poor, sick or healthy, fortunate or unlucky, our goal should be to create systems which are impartial toward everyone– which is the definition of fairness in the first place.

* “The Veil of Opulence” by Benjamin Hale, posted on the New York Times website

Source: New feed

The Village Diet

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The market

          The hospitality here has been incredible.  Most of the time, there’s no one around who speaks English, so we communicate with our host family in Hindi.  But Hindi is a third language for them, behind the local dialect they speak at home and the Nepali they learn at school.  Our situation is comparable to an American family taking in complete strangers for an extended period of time who speak no English and only a smattering of Spanish.  Several generations of an extended family live here, and many other neighbors and friends are frequently around, so the house is often a beehive of activity.  We’ve been struck by how generously everyone has accepted us into the flow of their lives and the limited space of their home.  Of course, along the way our stark cultural differences have made for some funny situations.
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Looking across the river (and the border) into India

          Especially when it comes to food.  On our first morning in the village, we were greeted by a blackened goat head on the floor when we walked into the main room of the house.  The old grandfather of the family was kneeling next to a dirty burlap sack on the concrete floor, butchering the head on top of it with what appeared to be a thick, dull knife.  We sat down nearby to observe the strange proceedings, but were forced to move further back after his enthusiastic hacking splattered some vitreous fluid or brains—I’m not sure which—onto my clothes.  The whole thing was strange but didn’t really surprise us, as we already knew we had no idea what to expect from a Nepali village—and since, in every culture, grandparents tend to be the most “villagey” of everyone.  But we WERE surprised when the butchered head was served up straight from the floor, without so much as a rinse or a minute in the fry pan!  They indicated to us that the raw matter in the small bowls they had handed us was the best part—the brain and the ears.  I knew right away I couldn’t stomach it; A. looked more uncertain.  A few years ago we probably would have both dug in, but by now we’ve each had our own round of Asian parasites and the novelty of eating raw goat brain just wasn’t worth repeating that experience!
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huge trees

          Throughout the week, there have been several reincarnations of that initial delicacy.  Yesterday, the family slaughtered another goat in the front yard, blackened the whole thing over a bed of hot coals, and then munched on some of the still-raw organs as they proceeded to chop up the carcass.  We aren’t sure what happened to the meaty parts, but we had a nice boney dish for lunch, and then at dinner time in the fading evening light, we slowly discerned that the bowls set before us were goat innard stew.  The gutsy smell tipped us off before we took a bite.  A. chowed down like a champ, but I decided to stick to the chapattis on my plate.  “What does it taste like?” I asked him.  “Spicy liver,” came the reply.  “I can’t believe you aren’t even going to try it,” he added ruefully.  We were being watched and I didn’t want to embarrass the cook by gagging in front of her.  However, my untouched bowl soon generated serious concern among the two grandmas who began hovering over me with furrowed brows, watching me eat my plain chapattis.  “Why?” they gestured.  I just gave an embarrassed laugh, unsure of how to explain myself.  Next to me, A. was nearing the bottom of his bowl.  “I’ve never eaten this before, so I feel afraid,” I said in simple Hindi. 

          One of the grandmothers seemed to understand, and hurried away to the kitchen.  She came back with a container full of ghee (clarified butter) and dropped a whopping glob onto the stack of chapattis on each of our plates—more butter than either of us has ever tried to consume at one time.  Next she brought out sugar, and encouraged us to douse the buttery chapattis with sugar, too.  “It’s so good!” both women told us excitedly.  They looked on with satisfaction as I took the first bite.  Just as I began to feel my stomach reaching full capacity with ghee, sugar, and chapattis, one of the old women went back to the kitchen and came back with a full bowl of cooked okra… and more chapattis.  By this time A. and I were laughing out loud at this comically oppressive hospitality.  “No really, we’re stuffed!”  We tried to communicate.  No use.  The grandmothers watched– intently, lovingly– from close range as we negotiated the pile of okra into our stomachs.

Source: New feed

Into the unknown

          On Monday morning our overnight train pulled into the station where we had been told to disembark.  Heavy rain had continued all through the night, leaking through the old metal roof of the train car and splashing onto our beds.  When we got off of the train, rain was still pouring down on us.  We took shelter under a little metal awning with other passengers, discovering as the train pulled away that this “station” was comprised of nothing more than this one, lonely platform next to what seemed to be a very small, lonely town.  We dialed the number of our acquaintance’s friend who was supposed to pick us up and take us from there.  The call wouldn’t go through.  We asked some of the men standing under the shelter with us if any of them knew how to get to the Nepali border from there.  They all motioned in a similar direction, some mentioning a rickshaw, others mentioning a horse cart.  With two backpacks and only one small umbrella between us, I ventured out from under the awning with the umbrella and the smaller backpack holding our electronics.  I walked out to what appeared to be the main road (desolate and small) and was eventually able to hail a horse cart.  A. came running through the rain with the rest of our things strapped to his back.  The drivers were overjoyed at the prospect of earning $2 to haul us and our gear to the border, so they excitedly lifted up the tarp covering the cart and jostled their other passengers around to make space for us.  I sat up front just behind the horse and driver, getting soaked through the opening in the tarp.  A. hoisted himself into the back, where there wasn’t anywhere to sit and he was obliged to perch in a half-squatting position with his feet on the “tail gate” for the next several miles as we bounced along flooded, potholed roads that were unpaved in most sections.  There were twelve of us stuffed into this primitive wooden cart, along with backpacks and piles of vegetables bound for Nepal.

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The courtyard of our eventual destination

We were surprised when the little wagon came to a halt next to a rushing, muddy river, because there was no official immigration office in sight.  We put our backpacks on again and began to follow the stream of people onto a bridge across the river.  A. ran ahead, sans umbrella, in an attempt to keep every piece of clothing we owned from getting drenched.  The fate of the clothes remained to be seen, but he was completely drenched already.  I straggled behind him, trying to keep the computer dry under the umbrella in the driving rain and marveling at the power of the murky water churning beneath my feet.  We must have been crossing more of a dam than a bridge, and it was several hundred feet long.  On the other side, monkeys frolicked in the water outside of a tiny building labeled “Immigration”.  We found out we were still in India, and we filled out forms and got our passports stamped.  We also learned that the Nepali side was still a kilometer and a half ahead.  One of the men hanging out at the immigration office turned out to be a rickshaw puller, and he offered his services and his large umbrella to convey us the rest of the way to the border.  He walked us a little ways through the rain to the rickshaw, and about that time a man drove up on a motorbike and asked if we were the foreigners he had been sent to pick up!  I don’t know how he got there, but it was a good thing he came, because we had no idea how to get to the village where we were planning to stay, or even what it was called.  The rickshaw walla wiped off the wet seat to no avail, and held the umbrella over us as we wedged ourselves onto the narrow bench and piled our things on top of us.  The two umbrellas together made a combined canopy that kept our heads mostly dry.  The big backpack had already given up the ghost, and we surrendered it to the elements.  We bumped along another flooded, pockmarked road that may have been paved at some point in the past, and our new friend on the motorbike followed along slowly beside us.  After a steep hill that required to other people to help the rickshaw walla push us (we were unable to move under our stack of bags), we reached an equally small and unofficial-looking “Immigration” office on the Nepali side.  

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View of the village from our roof

          During the time it took us to fill out more forms and get overcharged for visas, our motorbike friend left and returned with a second guy on a motorbike who was sporting a two-headed pancho for A. and our bags to take shelter under.  I hopped on the back of the first motorbike and the real adventure began.  Not too far down the road, we stopped at a vegetable shop where the owner agreed to give us a huge plastic bag and to cut one side open with a razor—voila: a rain resistant hood and cape for my shivering frame.  As we took off again, we were surprised how fast these guys were driving on wet roads.  As the rain tried hard to peck out my eyes, I realized for the first time that we weren’t wearing helmets.  Fortunately, the road would only permit speed for so long.  Within minutes the pavement had turned to a rutted, muddy track.  In one place, three-quarters of the road had washed away, leaving only about 12 inches of dirt next to an intimidating slope towards the river below.  We still hit the flooded sections with surprising speed, sometimes at a low spot in the road and other times at places where the irrigation canals from the rice fields on either side washed across the road.  
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One of the family’s goats

          Not long after I had decided to relax and enjoy the excitement of off-roading and the water splashing up on my legs, we reached a section of the road that had been completely washed out by the river.  More accurately, the river was now flowing across the road—30 feet of fast-moving brown water—and the road reappeared on the opposite side.  We were stuck there for several minutes trying to figure out what to do.  One of the drivers waded out into the rapids to see how deep the water was.  Knee-deep.  Not impossible for crossing on foot (although the swift current looked challenging), but certainly too deep for the motorbikes; they could easily get swept downstream.  The younger and more adventurous of the two drivers wandered further up the bank and found a shallower place to take the motorcycles across, one by one.  It looked like an advertisement for Honda: modest, 100cc motorbikes casually fording a river and rolling over loose rocks in the middle.  Some villagers wandered over about that time and asked us where we were going.  They were thoroughly confused when we were unable to tell them the name of the village we were trying to get to, since we were going to such great lengths to get there!  These village men arrived at a good time.  A. and I waded into the river, holding onto each other for stability, and they were crossing at the same time.  Right in the middle, where the current is strongest, I started to lose my footing.  All of our electronics were strapped to my back, and A. was far enough behind me at this point that we couldn’t really steady each other.  One of the villagers reached out to grab my hand and helped me across the rest of the way.  On the other side of the river, we were feeling quite accomplished, and laughing at the absurdity of the situation.  It was pouring rain in the jungle, and here we were, teeth chattering, riding motorbikes with total strangers along a completely insane road, to get to a remote village whose name we didn’t even know.  
          Little did we know that in the remaining four kilometers to the village, we would have to cross similar streams three more times!  At one of them, the younger driver decided to make a go of it with A. and all of our gear still on the bike with him.  Despite the bike having died twice in lower water, it somehow made it across that time, with only a little bit of nerve-wracking bouncing and tilting right in the middle.  A plastic bag holding our shoes also fell into the water at that point, but the second driver waded into the river, sprinted down the opposite bank and caught them just before the disappeared around the bend!

          After nearly an hour on the motorbikes, we arrived at the home of the family with whom we are planning to stay for a few weeks.  They hung up a string across the living room for us to hang out all of our wet clothes to dry, gave us chai and lunch, and showed us to our room to take a long nap.  The rain hasn’t let up yet, and the family says they haven’t even been to the market in three days because of it, but if the weather ever does clear us we’re looking forward to exploring this beautiful area.  We’re surrounded by bright green rice fields and big trees, and we can barely make out the silhouettes of mountains in the distance through the mist.

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A candle lighting our room during one of the nightly power outtages

Kathmandu

           A week ago, we were in the village market, loading into a crowded, beat-up jeep bound for the nearest town.  We had decided to change our plans and head into the interior of the country earlier than planned.  Between the people riding on the roof, the men hanging onto the back, and the rest of us stuffed into the back, there were close to thirty passengers.  As we bumped along the unpaved road, crossing shallow river beds and charging over sudden drops, steep slopes and loose rocks, we were amazed that the jeep actually stopped for MORE passengers!  People lined up across the tailgate, children climbed onto the laps of people already crouching on the floor, and one woman made herself comfortable sitting nowhere in particular but leaning her full body weight against my chest.  Forty-five minutes in that rugged wagon brought us the same distance it had taken A. and I two hours to cover on foot a couple days before, and once we hopped down from the jeep we headed to the local bus station to buy tickets on the public bus to Kathmandu.  

          We loaded our backpack on top and settled into our seats at the front of the bus, right behind the driver.  We had a terrifying view of the windshield throughout most of the journey as our driver surged toward oncoming motorcycles and schoolchildren walking down the side of the road, and played chicken with buses and overloaded trucks which, like ours, were decorated with garlands of plastic flowers and painted in circus colors with slogans like, “slow drive, long life” and “speed control” written across the front as they hurtled toward us with alarming velocity.  Although the journey to Kathmandu took about 18 hours, our bus stopped along the way for just about anyone standing beside the road, bus stop or no bus stop, and served as local transport between villages and small towns along the way.  The longest stops, however, were at military road blocks and armed police checkpoints which we hit several times each hour.  We were never quite sure who or what the soldiers were looking for as they boarded the bus over and over again to look through luggage and shine their flashlights at people, but in spite of the frustration of waiting in lines of traffic at several of the checkpoints, we slowly came to appreciate the safety that these checks probably represented.  As we drove past a village gate crowned with a communist sickle and hammer, and past weathered farm women with actual sickles tucked into their saris as they walked home from their fields, we were reminded that this area has been known for Maoist insurgent activity over the past several years.

           By early the next morning, the scenery changed from fertile plains of wide, green rice fields and forests to more mountainous terrain.  The “highway” (narrower than two lanes and little more than a dirt road in some places) curved along the side of a mountain gorge with little waterfalls cascading down the sides here and there, feeding into a fast-moving river at the bottom.  The same driver had been at the wheel the whole time, without sleep, and if he felt as tired as we did from trying to sleep all night in our uncomfortable chairs, then we were worried.  But he managed to finish the journey, continuing to aggressively pass traffic along the winding road with the same ferocity as he had used on the straightaways the day before.  We arrived in Kathmandu mid-morning—exhausted and relieved to have survived the journey!  And that fascinating city did not disappoint.

Source: New feed

The Himalayas at last! (and some unexpected wildlife)

          We won’t go into the details of the intense “microbus” ride from Kathmandu, but six hours and one flat tire later, we were in the mountain town of Pokhara, the lakeside base from which backpackers venture off into the Himalayas for trekking.  The Annapurna Himalayan range lies just beyond the lake, and on a clear day several of the tallest peaks in the world are visible from the shore.  We’ve spent the last week here hiking around the lake and exploring several of the villages on the lower mountains in front of the Annapurna.  Earlier this week we covered about 20 kilometers in one day!  

          For the most part, we’ve been soaking up the natural beauty of this place and enjoying the clean air and open space.  Yesterday, however, we were out hiking again when we had an unexpected encounter along the jungle path with some of the local residents– leeches.  Shaped like the stem of a leaf, these little guys release an anesthetic that keeps you from feeling them as they latch onto you and start sucking blood.  As long as they’re left undisturbed, they’re completely harmless and fall off on their own after they’ve had their fill.  Chinese medicine would tell us that our blood has been purified by these helpful creatures, but the anti-clotting agent they release into your blood keeps the extraction site bleeding for the next 20 minutes to half an hour after they’re gone… and there’s just something inherently creepy about little blood-sucking worms that can sense movement and hunt you down in the jungle.  Yuck.

          Below is a slideshow of some of our wanderings in the area:

Source: New feed

Masala Chai Weather

          There’s a certain date after which all the chai stalls start putting ginger in the tea.  The introduction of that spicy tea—masala chai—signals the beginning of “winter”, because the ginger, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and even black peppercorns which people boil into their chai are believed to possess heating properties that will  help keep your body warm.  On that first day, the weather was still uncomfortably hot during the day, but the evenings had begun to cool off.  This week, we had the first comfortable days that we’ve experienced in India since we arrived six months ago, and at night it’s cool enough to sleep under a sheet with thick socks on—which is almost miraculous, when we think back to the sweaty nights during the summer when we used to soak ourselves with water right before going to bed, so that it would cool us down long enough to fall asleep while it evaporated.

          This is also the beginning of the holiday season in India, and this week we attended two very different celebrations.  On Wednesday, we went with friends to watch the Hindu festival Dussehra, which is marked by a procession of camels, carriages, and heavily made-up people in sparkly robes who later act out an important scene in the life of the Hindu god Ram by sword fighting, wrestling, and eventually lighting a three-story tall, ten-headed effigy on fire.  We joined a crowd of several hundred people to watch this somewhat chaotic event unfold against a backdrop of fireworks exploding dangerously low to the ground and spraying fire into the crowd.  Meanwhile, police herded the masses with bamboo rods whose liberal application did little to improve the safety of the event, and smaller fireworks attached to wooden pinwheels spun feverishly and sometimes broke off, shooting rockets into onlookers. In spite of the apparent danger, however, everyone was in high spirits and we didn’t see anyone get seriously injured. On the contrary, the reckless abandon to danger seemed to merely heighten everyone’s excitement. 
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This photo isn’t ours, but it gives a good idea of what the grand finale looked like

          Then on Saturday, A. and I visited new friends in one of the slum communities here to celebrate Bakhra Eid, the festival in which Muslims remember the story of Abraham nearly sacrificing his son, and celebrate the last-minute provision of a goat to take the boy’s place.  We went from house to house, stuffing ourselves with traditional sweets and yogurt curry dishes along the way and chatting with our hosts.  An unschooled man who slowly taught himself to read and write carried on a lively discussion of world politics with us and spoke proudly of his oldest daughter, who is working on a bachelor’s degree.  Later, we looked through old pictures with a family whose husband/father left the house for work one day a few months ago and simply never came home, and we listened as they told us how the police have refused to help them search for their missing loved one. Talking with these families, we were confronted again with the richness and complexity of this place; with the hope and the pain that are mingled in these narrow alleyways.  Taking in their smiles and their stories, we were impressed by our friends’ ability to celebrate in the midst of hardship.  It seems that staring life in the face has taught them not only perseverance through grief and struggle, but also the true art of celebration.
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Goat: the main course at dinner on Bakhra Eid

Source: New feed

Religious Druggery 

The following poem is from our friend Kristin Jack.  He and his family lived in Cambodia for 17 years.
We have turned the teachings of Jesus
into a religion,
living words into opium.
We have turned a blasphemous prophet
into a harmless sacrament
that comforts and confirms:
we are druggists,
who have made Jesus safe.

We have taken a table,
a love feast spread
so that zealot and harlot,
leper and lunatic,
could be welcomed and fed,
and turned it into
unearthly symbol
of wafer and thimble
for the righteous instead.

We have taken a cross,
clotted rack of brutality
(electric chair built
to burn heretic and radical)
and crafted it into
pop fashion accessory.
We are publicists and anesthetists
who have turned this Jesus
into someone respectable:
a pillar of the community,
a seal of approval.

We are druggists and alchemists
who have turned his blood into water
(thin and insipid and easy to swallow)


we have taken the food of the prophets,
the poets, the revolutionaries,
we have taken living bread,
words that burned with holy rage,


and turned them into
pap for the pious,
pills for the nervous,
and homilies for the dead.

revolutionary Jesus